October 28

Levi Coffin 

*This date marks the birth of Levi Coffin in 1798. He was an American abolitionist and President 
of the Underground Railroad. 

Levi Coffin was from New Garden, North Carolina, and the only son of seven children. The young 
Levi received the bulk of his education at home, which proved to be good enough for Coffin to find 
work as a teacher for several years. In 1821, with his cousin Vestal, Levi Coffin ran a Sunday 
school for Blacks. Alarmed slave owners, however, soon forced the school to close. 

In 1824, Coffin decided to join his other family members who had moved to the young state of 
Indiana. Establishing a store in Newport, Coffin prospered, expanding his operations to include 
cutting pork and manufacturing linseed oil. Even with his busy life as a merchant, Coffin was 
"never too busy to engage in Underground Railroad affairs." Also, his thriving business and 
importance in the community helped deflect opposition to his Underground Railroad activities 
from pro-slavery supporters and slave hunters in the area. 

Questioned about why he aided slaves, Coffin said "The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry 
and clothe the naked, said nothing about color, and I should try to follow out the teachings of 
that good book." In 1847 Coffin left Newport to open a wholesale warehouse in Cincinnati that 
handled cotton goods, sugar, and spices produced by free labor. The enterprise had been funded 
a year earlier by a Quaker Convention at Salem, Indiana. 

Coffin and his wife continued to help slaves via the Underground Railroad. Both during and after 
the Civil War, Coffin served as a leading figure in the Western Freedmen's Aid Society. Working
for the freedmen's cause in England and Europe, Coffin, in one year, raised more than $100,000 
for the Society. He died in September 1877 in Cincinnati and is buried in that city's Spring Grove 
Cemetery.  

Levi Coffin was an important man before the Civil War and even after it. He and his family helped 
more than 2,500 slaves escape to the north. He also raised $100,000 for the Western Freedman’s 
Aid Society.

Levi Coffin was born on a farm in New Garden, North Carolina on October 28, 1798. While he was 
still little, he started to abolish slavery. He hated slavery and he wanted to help slaves. One day 
when he was seven years old chopping wood beside the road with his father, a group of slaves 
walked by with chains connecting them with handcuffs. Levi’s father asked one of the slaves 
why they were chained. The slave told him that their owners took them away from their wives 
and children. It was that day when Coffin learned what slavery was all about. He thought of how 
he would feel if his father was taken away from him.

When Coffin grew older, he helped several slaves to freedom. In 1818, he helped organize 
Sabbath Schools, and after a year it was open. In 1826, Coffin and his family moved to Newport, 
Indiana. In Newport, Coffin opened up a merchandise store. He and his children worked in the 
store while his wife cooked and worked hard around the house. Coffin and his family stayed at 
Newport for twenty years. During the twenty years, the Coffins were able to help more than 2,000 
slaves escape to the north, and slave owners never caught them.

In 1847, Coffin moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. In Cincinnati, Coffin opened up a warehouse that 
handled cotton goods, sugar, and spices made by free labor. During his time in Ohio, he helped 
even more slaves escape to the north with the Underground Railroad.

After the Civil War, millions of slaves that were freed still didn’t have homes, food, and education. 
Then an organization that Coffin volunteered to help in called Western Freedmen’s Aid Society, 
helped slaves by giving them homes, clothing, food, education, and jobs. This organization 
needed a lot of money to do that, so Coffin went to England and other parts of Europe and raised 
more than $100,000. In 1867, he was honored by serving as a representative to the International
Anti-Slavery Conference in Paris. When he was 76 years old, Coffin died. Levi Coffin was an 
amazing person to the end.

The Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman, and Levi Coffin were all very important to the slaves 
in the south. They all helped slaves escape to the north on the Underground Railroad.

The Underground Railroad was a system to help free slaves from the south and escape to the 
North or Canada. It began at the end of the 18th century. The Underground Railroad wasn’t 
underground and it wasn’t a railroad. It was made up of houses and buildings all the way to the 
north. The Underground Railroad was built by thousands of people. This system helped get 
hundreds of slaves to the north every year because it made secret routes and hideouts for the 
escaping slaves. Overall, the Underground Railroad helped free about 100,000 slaves from the 
south from 1810 to 1850.

For the slaves, running away to the north through the Underground Railroad was very hard. It 
was hard because southerners kept an eye out for the slaves. The first step for the slaves was 
to escape from their owners. The slaves had to take all their belongings and their children and 
would escape at night. The slaves would travel 10 or 20 miles to the next station. A station was 
place for the slaves to rest and eat. They got to the stations by following the station owner’s 
directions. While they waited, a message would be sent to the next station to alert its station 
owner that the slaves were on their way, so the station owner would start getting the food and 
hideout ready.

The slaves would also travel by train or by boat, which sometimes had to be paid for. Money was 
also needed improve and rebuild some parts of the Underground Railroad such as the stations’ 
walls and flooring.





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